Explore the Thinky Games database

Roam an abstract open world of surprising puzzles in a sequel brimming with new mechanics.

Fill the rooms with bunny slime as you find a path which goes over every tile.

Your job as an assistant food critic turns into a series of gas-pushing conundrums.

Treat villagers with arcane medical procedures and try surviving 30 days of eldritch threats.

Merge little creatures together to squish squids throughout a non-linear world of secrets.

Expose a crime syndicate through four additional Golden Idol cases.

Rotate and extrude your way out of a room.

Jump your way through another month's worth of clumsy, puzzly platforming.

Sustain the growth of a forest fungus using clueless zombies as fuel.

A sequel to Bee Magic, complete with original spells and a new scoring system.

Open windows into the past to figure out the stories of several blighted souls.

Assemble intricate conveyor systems to transform simple blocks into the perfect shape.

Meet the Ika creatures in this fan-made puzzle book inspired by LOK.

Flip the tiles and restore these procgen vistas to harmony.

Push, grab and kick various boxes to find a way out of a mega-warehouse.

You can only make bubbles or fall down, and yet there's a whole dungeon to explore.

Go after your best friend and cross over dimensions in the process.

Anything can happen when you have time on your hands.

Explore qubits, superposition, entanglement, and interference in this quantum engineering game.

Become the serpent deity and fight off a drought by solving puzzles.

Set the stage for stories to come to life.

A genre-defining adventure across enigmatic worlds.

Explore a solar system and unravel its mysteries.

You have been invited to Hotel Letztes Jahr, a strange manor full of lateral puzzles and a dark past.

Program a transmutation engine to concoct potions and poisons.

Push boxes within boxes within boxes within boxes within...

Pilot your mech squad through puzzly tactical encounters.

Plan a route through bite-sized dungeons and survive tactical combat encounters.

A grisly detective mystery aboard a ghost, merchant ship.

Push and roll trees to build bridges through an expansive open world.

Battle monsters and level up your dicey heroes in this roguelike strategy game.

The story of a mysterious artefact told through twelve whodunits.

Uncover the hidden language of the LOK through letter-based logic puzzles.

A tricky puzzle game about changing the rules.

Designed as an introduction to DROD, solve turn-based combat puzzles as Beethro's grandfather, Gunthro.

A difficult sausage-rolling sokoban odyssey.

The rooms are items and the items are rooms in this recursive platformer.

Ascend a tower, deciphering the languages of its inhabitants.

Wriggle worms into position in this challenging grid-based puzzler.

What appears to be a difficult Souls-like adventure game hides layers of secrets and discoveries.

This classroom is in a mess! Can you make sense of it?

Defend your sheep civilization from legions of demons in this strategic roguelike.

Uncover the troubled story of an enigmatic mansion and its past inhabitants.

A difficult sokoban with a gravity twist.

Search for Room 46 in a mysterious manor where the rooms are different each time you enter.

The sokoban solution to this reactor malfunction is at grabber-arm's length.

Explore bright islands filled with item-pushing puzzles, either solo or in local co-op.

Solve sokoban puzzles with colorful, teleporting squids (and other aquatic friends!).

It's sokoban on ice! Load your penguin with rule-breaking items and slide your way home.

Minecraft's redstone circuitry and pistons as a pure puzzle game.

In a departure from crime-based mysteries, solve minor inconveniences from the everyday life of an inquisitive student.

Walk on walls and fire magical arrows in this puzzling dungeon crawler.

Explore a bizarre island full of mysterious machinery and learn about its previous inhabitants.

Match colored blocks under a few moves and bond with a whimsical AI along the way.

Escape from your own apartment, transformed into a surreal labyrinth.

Eugene McQuacklin returns in a new comedic-noir investigation.

A ghosty incident in Steam Bison begins a new riddle-filled adventure for our puzzle-solving duo.

Find the perfect records for the quirky customers of a struggling music store.

Combine powerful dice to defeat monsters in this strategic roguelike deckbuilder.

Find the perfect seating arrangement to satisfy some very picky characters in this logic puzzle game.

Cast spells with your movement and explore a world of bees.

Explore the stately home of a botanist, uncovering the perfect growing conditions for exotic plants.

Solve pirating puzzles by guiding ships to their treasure.

Navigate from room to room by growing roots through the walls.

Battle monsters and level up your dicey heroes in this roguelike strategy game.

Minesweeper-like logic puzzles on a hexagonal grid.

Decipher an ancient language to discover the fate of a lost civilization.

An approachable introduction to the challenging snake puzzles of Snakebird.

Strategically build a small settlement to score points in this daily puzzle.

Escape from puzzling rooms at a school for escape artists.

Join Jemma on a journey of self-discovery, sliding the world beneath her feet and causing all kinds of chaos.

Flip the tiles and restore these procgen vistas to harmony.

Reshape the landscape and open up the path to an old man's memories.

Push boxes within boxes within boxes within boxes within...

Set the stage for stories to come to life.

Help the Duck Detective solve the mystery of a sinister sausage-based conspiracy.

Search through live action interrogation footage to unravel a detective mystery.

Warp and shape beautiful curves in a serene space.

Crash-landed on planet of quirky alien pals, restore their power through planet-shifting sokoban puzzles.

Alter buildings and landscapes to recreate towns from hazy memories.

Our feline hero Steve is back, this time with the ability to move N steps before dying. But what is N?

A variety of sokoban games spliced together, side-by-side, in this challenging puzzler.

A wordless puzzle hunt based on colored cells in a spreadsheet.

Help a frog grab distant flies by stretching its tongue.

Rearrange a skyscraper in this 1-bit puzzle game.

A tiny, free sokoban game that deconstructs the grid.

Use terminals to make these PuzzleScript rooms loop on themselves.

Place mountains, trees, and buildings to form quaint islands in this digital roll-and-write game.

Hoist crates on pulley systems to solve challenging block-pushing puzzles.

Explore a world of tiny, interconnected block-pushing puzzle rooms.

Guide a hungry snake to eat all apples and squeeze some unfortunate rodents.

Push gravity-altering blocks to navigate a strange world in this griddy puzzler.

With only 5 steps before he perishes, help Steve rescue his kitten crew.

Push and slide hungry gophers to eat every bit of food.

Record and rewind the actions of two robots with independent timelines.

Find out how to navigate this miniature low-res world with technical platforming.

Help Hermit the crab find their new home in this island-bridging puzzler.

Help Sir Montaclé through tricky block-pushing puzzles with the ability to rewind time.

Chomp through blocks of wood to create precisely shaped models.

Decipher cryptic symbols and their unique powers to form intricate patterns.

Explore a branching world of grid-based conveyor-pushing puzzles and secrets.

Collect colored keys to open corresponding doors in this surprisingly deep puzzle platformer.

Record and rewind the actions of two robots with independent timelines.

Solve tricky turn-based enemy encounters on your journey to the Tower of Destiny.

A difficult sausage-rolling sokoban odyssey.

A grid-based puzzler in which your directions of movement are a resource.

Push, grab and kick various boxes to find a way out of a mega-warehouse.

Discover the writing system of the Abb through shape-packing puzzles.

Merge and destroy blocks in this challenging grid-based puzzle game.

Trigger explosive chain reactions to leave one remaining object on the grid.

Hoist crates on pulley systems to solve challenging block-pushing puzzles.

You’ve got N moves to save the kittens—make them count.

Find out how to navigate this miniature low-res world with technical platforming.

Our feline hero Steve is back, this time with the ability to move N steps before dying. But what is N?

Shackled to a ball and chain, use them to your advantage to solve block-pushing puzzles.

Press Z to undo and X to really undo in this tricky block-pushing puzzler.

Wriggle worms into position in this challenging grid-based puzzler.

Turns beans into monsters in this whimsical yet challenging puzzle game.

Help flying crowbars to their destination by placing tokens to guide them.

Wander an impossible space to find block-rotating puzzles behind every door.

Set the stage for stories to come to life.

Tend to a capybara's garden by pushing watering cans to water plants.

Join Jemma on a journey of self-discovery, sliding the world beneath her feet and causing all kinds of chaos.

Assemble bento boxes in this cute pattern-matching game.

Strategically build a small settlement to score points in this daily puzzle.

Alter buildings and landscapes to recreate towns from hazy memories.

Grab, rotate, and shift boxes to burn your belongings in the bonfire.

Unpack your life out of cardboard boxes in this relaxing sorting game.

Explore, find hidden compartments, and decipher codes to escape this mysterious mansion.

Help two dogs on their railway adventure by placing tracks to guide the trains.

A cozy jigsaw game about sorting through puzzle pieces, assembling pictures, and hanging them on your wall.

Gather round the campfire, toasting marshmallows just right in this grid-based skewer-turning puzzler.

Explore new box burning mechanics in this 3-part DLC to Bonfire Peaks.

Sustain the growth of a forest fungus using clueless zombies as fuel.

Make your way to grandma's house by shifting stone blocks with your magical powers.

Build snowmen by rolling snowballs into place (and give them a hug!)

Tidy up wonky picture frames, messy tables, and cluttered drawers in this gentle puzzler.

Acquire and identify plants in this atmospheric detective story.

Explore a solar system and unravel its mysteries.

Rearrange the pieces of the world and connect with cheerful characters.

Explore a solar system and unravel its mysteries.

Play a game within a game to escape an old, haunted shack.

Solve puzzle box contraptions within the walls of a peculiar dollhouse.

A mysterious satellite photo uncovers the solar system's deepest secret in this Outer Wilds DLC.

Treat villagers with arcane medical procedures and try surviving 30 days of eldritch threats.

Overcome the Craftsman's puzzle box trials to escape this ominous mansion.

Escape from a mysterious crypt by solving puzzling contraptions.

Browse raw footage from a triptych of lost movies and piece together the story behind an elusive actress.

A grisly detective mystery aboard a ghost, merchant ship.

An unsettling adventure through a cursed operating system full of puzzles.

An unsettling deckbuilder with puzzles and secrets hiding beneath the surface.

Help the Duck Detective solve the mystery of a sinister sausage-based conspiracy.

Program office workers to solve algorithmic puzzles.

Construct towers, bridges, and other structures out of goo in this indie classic.

Throw your head around to power mechanisms in this puzzle platformer.

Compete against medieval manuscript illustrators in turn-based jousts.

Solve new test chambers with original mechanics in this community-made prequel of Portal 2.

A puzzle metroidvania set in a toy, miniature world.

Shift the narrative text itself to help the cat reach its flag.

Your job as an assistant food critic turns into a series of gas-pushing conundrums.

The entire world is a sliding tile puzzle in this playful adventure puzzler.

Solve riddles and wrestle with outlandish creatures in this typing-fueled dungeon crawler.

Set the stage for stories to come to life.

Anything can happen when you have time on your hands.

Join Jemma on a journey of self-discovery, sliding the world beneath her feet and causing all kinds of chaos.

A tiny, free sokoban game that deconstructs the grid.

Solve test chambers with a portal gun in this first-person classic.

The local expert at causing chaos is an unruly bird.

Jump your way through another month's worth of clumsy, puzzly platforming.

Discover the secrets of falling in a platforming world where a plain jump could kill you.

Show the patrons of your fancy French brasserie to their seats with a stretchy twist.

Help the Duck Detective solve the mystery of a sinister sausage-based conspiracy.

Outmanoeuvre enemy ships in this lane-based deckbuilder tactics game.

Reshape the landscape and open up the path to an old man's memories.

Position your steampunk crew and orchestrate ricochet action in turn-based battles.

Tend to a capybara's garden by pushing watering cans to water plants.

Crash-landed on planet of quirky alien pals, restore their power through planet-shifting sokoban puzzles.

Roll your flatulent, cubic hero to victory in this tricky grid-based puzzler.

The local expert at causing chaos is an unruly bird.

Explore the third dimension in this retro-style 2D puzzle platformer.

Make your way to grandma's house by shifting stone blocks with your magical powers.

Alter buildings and landscapes to recreate towns from hazy memories.

Solve pirating puzzles by guiding ships to their treasure.

Automate robots to gather resources, terraform asteroids, and build comfortable homes for your cosmic clients.

Code and work alongside helpful bots to bring power back to their star factory.

Explore the stately home of a botanist, uncovering the perfect growing conditions for exotic plants.

Solve sokoban puzzles across an elemental archipelago.

This toy-sized adventure continues beneath the surface of Supraland.

Rearrange the pieces of the world and connect with cheerful characters.

The entire world is a sliding tile puzzle in this playful adventure puzzler.

The story of a mysterious artefact told through twelve whodunits.

Explore the stately home of a botanist, uncovering the perfect growing conditions for exotic plants.

Acquire and identify plants in this atmospheric detective story.

Search through live action interrogation footage to unravel a detective mystery.

Scour the early internet to reconstruct the Roottree's family tree and identify the heirs to their fortune.

Browse raw footage from a triptych of lost movies and piece together the story behind an elusive actress.

A grisly detective mystery aboard a ghost, merchant ship.

Open windows into the past to figure out the stories of several blighted souls.

Learn about the origins of the cursed artefact in this mystery detective DLC with 3 new whodunits to solve.

Help the Duck Detective solve the mystery of a sinister sausage-based conspiracy.

Assist intelligence field agents by finding clues, connecting evidence, and perhaps, uncovering a deeper truth.

Three centuries after the whodunit mysteries of the Cloudsley family, a relic hunter seeks out an artifact of unimaginable power.

Expose a crime syndicate through four additional Golden Idol cases.

Alter buildings and landscapes to recreate towns from hazy memories.

Possess objects and solve adventure puzzles to save characters from their doomed fate.

Piece together witness testimonies to solve the case of a missing young girl.

Use hacking and social engineering to find your missing daughter in a dystopic sci-fi thriller.

Treat villagers with arcane medical procedures and try surviving 30 days of eldritch threats.

The expedition to Monkey Paw Islands reaches a dark conclusion in this DLC featuring 3 new whodunit cases to crack.

A genre-defining adventure across enigmatic worlds.

Save Josef's girlfriend from the Black Cap Brotherhood in this robotic point-and-click adventure.

This toy-sized adventure continues beneath the surface of Supraland.

What appears to be a difficult Souls-like adventure game hides layers of secrets and discoveries.

Explore a solar system and unravel its mysteries.

You have been invited to Hotel Letztes Jahr, a strange manor full of lateral puzzles and a dark past.

Explore a broken alien landscape in this first-person adventure from the creators of Myst.

Decipher an ancient language to discover the fate of a lost civilization.

Ascend a tower, deciphering the languages of its inhabitants.

An unsettling adventure through a cursed operating system full of puzzles.

A puzzle platformer set within a world of interconnected street signs.

Explore the third dimension in this retro-style 2D puzzle platformer.

Explore a maze-like, hand-drawn world of restless spirits.

Explore an abstract, colorful world of strange rules and mysterious puzzles.

Descend through the cracks in your walls to a world of avian folk and furniture monsters.

The entire world is a sliding tile puzzle in this playful adventure puzzler.

Set sail on an adventure through Escher-like perspective puzzles and optical illusions.

Use perspective and illusions to explore a world trapped inside a cube.

With only the ability to tweet and stomp, explore this metroidbrainia world and discover surprising interactions with its inhabitants.

In the second entry of the We Were Here franchise, work together to uncover the grim fate of Castle Rock.

Guide a hungry snake to eat all apples and squeeze some unfortunate rodents.

Guide a skittish orange creature into your trap in this arctic sokoban expedition.

Combine Hebrew letters to create new sounds and disover their effects.

Press Z to undo and X to really undo in this tricky block-pushing puzzler.

Explore new box burning mechanics in this 3-part DLC to Bonfire Peaks.

Tend to a capybara's garden by pushing watering cans to water plants.

Combining block-pushing with solitaire, push, stack, and flip cards to get them into position.

Wriggle worms into position in this challenging grid-based puzzler.

A tricky puzzle game about changing the rules.

Shift between negative spaces, altering the world for your puzzle solving companion.

Twists and turns in a sokoban fantasy epic.

Make clones above your head to solve gravity-defying sokoban puzzles.

Push gravity-altering blocks to navigate a strange world in this griddy puzzler.

Build snowmen by rolling snowballs into place (and give them a hug!)

Help Hermit the crab find their new home in this island-bridging puzzler.

Push and roll trees to build bridges through an expansive open world.

A difficult sausage-rolling sokoban odyssey.

Hoist crates on pulley systems to solve challenging block-pushing puzzles.

Push boxes within boxes within boxes within boxes within...

Gather round the campfire, toasting marshmallows just right in this grid-based skewer-turning puzzler.

From video essayist GMTK, a puzzle platformer about a robot and his magnet friend escaping a factory.

Solve physics-defying puzzles in an abstract world of infinite architecture.

Jump your way through another month's worth of clumsy, puzzly platforming.

Explore the third dimension in this retro-style 2D puzzle platformer.

The rooms are items and the items are rooms in this recursive platformer.

Switch between platforming and top-down characters after a cosmic event merged dimensions.

Show the patrons of your fancy French brasserie to their seats with a stretchy twist.

Recover the fabled treasure of Atlantis, learning the rules of its mysterious items.

Collect colored keys to open corresponding doors in this surprisingly deep puzzle platformer.

Find out how to navigate this miniature low-res world with technical platforming.

Discover the secrets of falling in a platforming world where a plain jump could kill you.

Go after your best friend and cross over dimensions in the process.

Navigate from room to room by growing roots through the walls.

Discover science-inspired mechanics and learn the secrets of an extinct civilization.

Rewind time in a series of puzzle platformer worlds that alter time in strange and unique ways.

Throw your head around to power mechanisms in this puzzle platformer.

Open gates with colorful orbs and teleport through puzzles in a strange, fantastical world.

Explore a dark well inhabited by animals and full of secrets.

A puzzle platformer set within a world of interconnected street signs.

Clone yourself and transfer consciousness in this sci-fi narrative puzzler.

Continuing co-op series We Were Here, venture into the freezing antarctic to rescue your fellow explorers.

Overcome the Craftsman's puzzle box trials to escape this ominous mansion.

Discover and share the escape room experience.

A cute, casual game about playing with interactive robot toys.

Solve co-op puzzles in an abandoned castle with only walkie-talkies to communicate.

Explore the stately home of a botanist, uncovering the perfect growing conditions for exotic plants.

A co-op entry in the Rusty Lake series, split between point-and-click puzzles and 3D contraptions.

You awaken, trapped within Castle Rock, to continue the co-op saga of the We Were Here series.

Escape from puzzling rooms at a school for escape artists.

Solve puzzle box contraptions within the walls of a peculiar dollhouse.

Escape from a mysterious crypt by solving puzzling contraptions.

An unsettling deckbuilder with puzzles and secrets hiding beneath the surface.

Unlock puzzle box contraptions in the attic of an abandoned house.

Explore, find hidden compartments, and decipher codes to escape this mysterious mansion.

In the second entry of the We Were Here franchise, work together to uncover the grim fate of Castle Rock.

Play a game within a game to escape an old, haunted shack.

Position your steampunk crew and orchestrate ricochet action in turn-based battles.

Lead your wizarding crew through puzzly tactical challenges, rewinding at will.

Hack computers, decipher programs, and defeat viruses in a deeply strategic roguelike.

Battle your way through a frozen tundra, building a deck of companions as you go.

Carefully position yourself and time attacks to survive these roguelike combat encounters.

Create powerful synergies and absurdly high scores in this poker-inspired roguelike deck-builder.

An unsettling deckbuilder with puzzles and secrets hiding beneath the surface.

Help Jorge defeat monsters and slay the dragon in this Minesweeper-inspired strategy game.

Explore a maze-like, hand-drawn world of restless spirits.

Compete against medieval manuscript illustrators in turn-based jousts.

Pilot your mech squad through puzzly tactical encounters.

The rotten king's minions are the mines in this tactical minesweeper roguelike.

Divise stealthy tactics for your cursed pirate crew in their quest for a mysterious treasure.

Plan a route through bite-sized dungeons and survive tactical combat encounters.

Strategically build a small settlement to score points in this daily puzzle.

Save the villagers from wolves in this turn-based tactical folktale.

Collect shiny trinkets and gain directional abilities in this avian strategy game on tiny grids.

A roguelike strategy game on tiny grids where tactically taking damage is key.

Defeat your foes with a strategically organized backpack in this roguelike deckbuilder.

Hack your way through artillery puzzles with untethered control over physics.

Build factories to construct complex shapes in an infinitely expanding map.

Design and build rovers to ship awkardly shaped cargo across the surface of Mars.

An engineering roguelike where skills are constructed by wiring up machinary.

Expand your factory network to the harsh environments of several planets.

An open-ended engineering game about building factories to turn raw materials into chemicals.

Program a transmutation engine to concoct potions and poisons.

Construct furniture and spaceships for your alien overlords in this 3D engineering game.

Assemble intricate conveyor systems to transform simple blocks into the perfect shape.

Build and optimize robot factories with conveyor belts and machinary.

Build sprawling factories to extract and process geometric shapes.

Enhance your shape production lines with portal technology.

Build a word-constructing factory where your only resource is the letter "i".

Build and optimize complex circuits to fix corrupted files and recover lost images.

Solve pirating puzzles by guiding ships to their treasure.

Program a molecular synthesizer to convert chemicals into pharmacological substances.

Build machines, defuse bombs, and control robots by wiring up puzzling electronic devices.

Program box-building machinary to assemble, rotate, and paint the galaxy's most important commodity.

Explore qubits, superposition, entanglement, and interference in this quantum engineering game.

Automate robots to gather resources, terraform asteroids, and build comfortable homes for your cosmic clients.

Build a conveyor belt factory in a mind-bending, fractal space.

Cast spells with your movement and explore a world of bees.

Uncover the hidden language of the LOK through letter-based logic puzzles.

A playful puzzle book with clipped instructions.

Meet the Ika creatures in this fan-made puzzle book inspired by LOK.

Discover the rules for these line-drawing puzzles — but the rules change every level.

Decipher cryptic word puzzles in a strange, non-linear space.

A sequel to Bee Magic, complete with original spells and a new scoring system.

A wordless puzzle hunt based on colored cells in a spreadsheet.

Minimalist dungeon crawling puzzles on a 3x3 grid.

Roam an abstract open world of surprising puzzles in a sequel brimming with new mechanics.

A beautiful island of maze-like line-drawing puzzles.

Discover the writing system of the Abb through shape-packing puzzles.

Experiment and discover the rules in grid-dividing logic puzzles.

A tranquil, open-world puzzler filled with grid-shading logic puzzles.

Discover the logic rules of the relics and learn of the settlers that left them behind.

A tranquil, open-world puzzler filled with grid-shading logic puzzles.

Discover a hidden language in this digital adaptation of the logic puzzle book, LOK.

An abstract logic game about connecting pairs of nodes.

Solve minesweeper-like logic puzzles on a hexagonal grid.

Remove cells from the grid so rows and columns add up in this abstract logic puzzle game.

A beautiful island of maze-like line-drawing puzzles.

Flip tiles to unravel colorful and abstract designs.

Uncover the hidden language of the LOK through letter-based logic puzzles.

A massive, meditative, 54,000+ piece minesweeper puzzle, revealing Dutch proverbs in a 16th century painting.

Meet the Ika creatures in this fan-made puzzle book inspired by LOK.

Move the cushions on the grid so that every cat can get a comfy sleep.

A blend of nonograms and minesweeper in ambient logic puzzles.

Pin down reds, yellows and blues in this color-enhanced Minesweeper.

Discover the rules for these line-drawing puzzles — but the rules change every level.

Handcrafted Sudoku puzzles on strangely-shaped 3D grids.

It's just 12 word searches. I swear.

Minesweeper-style logic puzzles on a variety of grids with no guessing required.

Help Jorge defeat monsters and slay the dragon in this Minesweeper-inspired strategy game.

Master 14 new Minesweeper rule variants with purely deductive logic puzzles.

Minesweeper taken to the extreme with new rules and fully deductive puzzles.

Design and build rovers to ship awkardly shaped cargo across the surface of Mars.

Continuing co-op series We Were Here, venture into the freezing antarctic to rescue your fellow explorers.

Solve co-op puzzles in an abandoned castle with only walkie-talkies to communicate.

Revisit classic turn-based tactics as you fight through dark fantasy campaigns.

Guide two hands through sokoban puzzles in their search for a warm, firm handshake.

You awaken, trapped within Castle Rock, to continue the co-op saga of the We Were Here series.

In the second entry of the We Were Here franchise, work together to uncover the grim fate of Castle Rock.

A co-op entry in the Rusty Lake series, split between point-and-click puzzles and 3D contraptions.

Escape from puzzling rooms at a school for escape artists.

Compete against medieval manuscript illustrators in turn-based jousts.

Expand your factory network to the harsh environments of several planets.

Discover and share the escape room experience.

Portal returns with an expansive story, new mechanics, and a co-op mode.

Switch between platforming and top-down characters after a cosmic event merged dimensions.

The local expert at causing chaos is an unruly bird.

Build your factory empire from the simplest elements to the most convoluted infrastructures.